
In the world of firearms, the term “80% lower” has gained significant traction among gun enthusiasts and DIY builders. An 80% lower refers to a partially completed firearm lower receiver that requires additional machining before it becomes a fully functional part of a firearm. These unfinished parts are popular for those who want to build their own gun at home while complying with specific legal requirements. In this guide, we will delve into what 80% lowers are, why they are popular, the legalities surrounding them, and how to properly complete one.
What is an 80% Lower?
An 80% lower is essentially the base or frame of a firearm’s lower receiver that is 80% finished. For example, in an AR-15 rifle, the lower receiver is the part of the gun that houses the trigger assembly and the magazine well. While an 80% lower looks similar to a fully completed lower, it lacks the final crucial steps required to make it fully functional. These unfinished lowers are sold to individuals who wish to finish the job themselves.
The key advantage is that they can be purchased without the same regulations that apply to a fully completed firearm lower receiver. Essentially, an 80% lower can be purchased without a Federal Firearms License (FFL), allowing individuals to build their own firearm legally, provided they adhere to their state’s laws.
Why are 80% Lowers Popular?
1. Cost Savings: One of the main reasons 80% lowers have become so popular is that they allow gun owners to save money. Buying a fully assembled lower receiver can be expensive, but an 80% lower is typically much cheaper. For individuals who are comfortable with DIY projects and have access to the necessary tools, an 80% lower presents a cost-effective way to build a custom firearm.
2. Customization: With an 80% lower, you have complete control over the customization of your firearm. Whether you want to change the grip, trigger, stock, or other components, the process of completing the lower gives you the flexibility to make modifications that fit your preferences.
3. Privacy: The process of building a firearm from an 80% lower can be appealing for privacy-conscious individuals. As 80% lowers are not classified as firearms, no background check or registration is required for their purchase, which can be an attractive feature for gun owners who prefer to keep their gun ownership private.
4. Skill Development: For those who enjoy honing their mechanical skills, completing an 80% lower can be a fulfilling challenge. Whether using traditional tools or a CNC machine, finishing a lower provides the opportunity to learn new skills and gain a deeper understanding of how firearms work.
The Legalities of 80% Lowers
The legal status of 80% lowers can be complicated and varies by state and country. Generally speaking, in the United States, 80% lowers are not considered firearms under federal law, meaning they can be purchased without an FFL. However, once you complete the lower by machining the final 20%, it becomes a firearm and is subject to the same laws and regulations as a fully manufactured gun.
While the ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) has clarified that 80% lowers are legal to purchase and possess, there are some important legal considerations to keep in mind:
- Machining: The process of finishing an 80% lower involves making precise cuts and drilling holes to complete the receiver. You must be sure to comply with all federal and state laws during this process.
- Serial Numbers: Once you finish your 80% lower and it becomes a firearm, you are generally required to add a serial number to the firearm, depending on your state’s regulations. Some states may require you to register the firearm after completion.
- State Laws: Some states, such as California and New York, have stricter regulations around unfinished lowers. Be sure to research the laws in your specific state before purchasing or completing an 80% lower.
How to Complete an 80% Lower
Completing an 80% lower requires specialized tools, technical know-how, and careful attention to detail. Depending on your experience and available tools, you have several options:
1. Manual Tools: For those with experience using hand tools, you can complete an 80% lower with tools like a drill press, jigs, end mills, and other cutting tools. This method is labor-intensive but cost-effective if you already own the necessary tools.
2. CNC Machines: If you have access to a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine, this method provides precise, automated cutting, making the process easier and more accurate. CNC machines can also be used to complete the lower in less time than manual methods.
3. Jigs and Kits: Many gun enthusiasts opt for pre-made jigs and kits designed to guide the user through the process of finishing an 80% lower. These jigs are helpful for ensuring the machining is accurate and consistent.
Conclusion
Building a firearm from an 80% lower can be a rewarding and cost-effective project for gun enthusiasts who enjoy DIY challenges. However, it is essential to understand the legalities surrounding 80% lowers, ensure that you complete them safely and properly, and comply with all local, state, and federal regulations. For more information on purchasing 80% lowers and the necessary tools to complete them, visit 80-Lower.com.
Whether you’re a first-time builder or an experienced gunsmith, completing an 80% lower can give you a unique, hands-on experience in building a firearm that’s customized to your liking.